• speech sounds delays and disorders, i.e., difficulty pronouncing sounds

  • articulation 

  • phonology

  • apraxia of speech

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• language delays and disorders, i.e., difficulty understanding and using words and ideas

  • words and concepts

  • grammar

  • developmental language disorder specific language impairment

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• oromyofunctional (OMD) disorders, i.e., abnormal movements of muscles of the face and mouth, impacting correct talking, swallowing, and nasal breathing​

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• phonological awareness, i.e., pre-reading skills

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• literacy skills, i.e., reading and writing 

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• fluency, i.e., stuttering

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